www.vims.edu/research/departments/physical

The objectives of the Department of Physical Sciences are to generate, communicate and apply knowledge concerning the physical, chemical and geological processes that operate in estuaries and the coastal ocean. The physical oceanography group studies and models the properties and movement of water and dissolved and suspended material in estuarine, coastal and continental shelf environments. Geological oceanography includes the study of the processes of sediment erosion, transport and accumulation as well as the resulting stratigraphy. Marine chemistry emphasizes the study of marine biogeochemical processes, and environmental fate and transport of natural and anthropogenic substances. Interdisciplinary studies are strongly emphasized in the Department of Physical Sciences.

Preparatory Studies

In all aspects of the Department of Physical Sciences’ education and research programs, there is a heavy reliance on quantitative skills. Our incoming students are expected to have a strong background in one or more areas of physical sciences and mathematics. Undergraduate majors that provide preparation for graduate study in Physical Sciences include physics, applied mathematics, engineering, chemistry and geology. Students interested in pursuing graduate work in Physical Sciences are encouraged to have introductory physics and calculus through ordinary differential equations in their backgrounds.

Typical Course of Study

Students in the Department of Physical Sciences specialize in Chemical, Geological or Physical Oceanography by following one of the tracks described below. In addition to the core courses required of all SMS graduate students, Physical Sciences students are required to take one advanced marine science course (e.g., any MSCI course over the 550 level with 3 or more credits) that is appropriate to the student’s speciality and approved by the student’s advisor. Students are also required to enroll in MSCI 515D - Physical Sciences Seminar  each fall and spring semester.

Graduate students in chemical oceanography/marine geochemistry may specialize in any of the various aspects of marine and environmental chemistry (e.g., organic, inorganic, analytical, etc.). Specialized course work in other aspects of marine and environmental chemistry can be selected based on recommendations from the student’s advisory committee.

Students interested in geological oceanography may pursue tracks emphasizing sedimentary environments and stratigraphy, sediment geochemistry, or physical transport/morphodynamic processes. Courses include marine sedimentation, coastal morphodynamics, sediment transport, multivariate and time-series analysis, and isotope geochronology. In addition, depending on a student’s particular emphasis, geological students may be required to take advanced courses in physical, chemical or biological oceanography.

For students majoring in physical oceanography, additional advanced courses address estuarine hydrodynamics and water quality, provide an in-depth focus on estuarine physics and its influence on biogeochemical processes, boundary layer processes, various topics in coastal ocean dynamics, and the application of three-dimensional numerical modeling to estuarine and coastal issues.

Areas of Research

Chemical Oceanography/Marine Geochemistry

Faculty in the area of chemistry are engaged in a range of research projects across groundwater, riverine, estuarine, continental margin, and open ocean environments. These studies focus on understanding the cycling of organic and inorganic species from both natural and anthropogenic sources. Individual faculty and students in this program are highly interdisciplinary and are involved in collaborations with other programs at VIMS as well as national and international colleagues. Examples of current and on-going projects within the Chemical Oceanography/Geochemistry group include: cycling and diagenesis of dissolved and particulate organic matter in estuaries and open ocean settings; carbon and nitrogen transport and cycling in rivers, estuaries, and the coastal ocean; chemical flux and contaminant transport; use of natural and anthropogenic substances as tracers of ecological processes; and the chemical composition and biological availability of dissolved organic nitrogen in diverse systems from the open ocean to wastewater treatment plants.

Geological Oceanography

Encompasses local and international research on a variety of disciplinary and interdisciplinary topics. Research sites span the full range of marine/nearshore environments from coastal plain and river floodplains, through estuaries and across the margin to the base of the continental rise. Although much of our effort addresses questions in Chesapeake Bay and surrounding areas, federal funding supports research in many other areas in the U.S. and around the world (including New Zealand, China, and Taiwan) that generates knowledge about geological phenomena in the coastal ocean. Some of the major focal areas include: sediment transport and boundary layer processes; sediment flux and fate; seabed dynamics; shoreline erosion/sand resource issues; and Quaternary stratigraphic development. Interdisciplinary research efforts involve faculty from the departments of Biological Sciences and Aquatic Health Sciences, as well as colleagues from other institutions worldwide.

Physical Oceanography

Focuses on water motion in estuaries and on the continental shelf along with the associated transport of buoyancy, suspended particles, nutrients and pollutants. Physical Oceanography at VIMS is extremely interdisciplinary, with faculty who straddle fluid physics, material transport and water quality, and who have ongoing collaborations with chemists and geologists within our department, biologists and resource managers elsewhere at VIMS, and with scientists from various disciplines throughout the country and around the world. We have recent and/or ongoing field projects in the Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries as well as on the shelves of the east and west coasts of the U.S. and in polar regions, and we are applying three-dimensional numerical models to study circulation and associated dissolved and particulate transport in estuarine and shelf environments. Cooperative research projects are underway with scientists from countries including Korea, The Netherlands, Taiwan, and the U.K. Some of the major focal areas of scientists in our group include: wind- and buoyancy driven circulation on the inner shelf; bottom boundary layer processes; the dynamics of estuarine fronts; three-dimensional modeling of estuarine sediment transport and water quality; the association of characteristic density- and tidally-driven estuarine circulation patterns with the fate and transport of pollutants; wind wave evolution in estuaries and on shelves; cross-shelf transport; shelf-break frontal processes and shelf-basin interactions; and the physics governing sediment transport on shelves, in estuaries, and in the surf zone.