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BIOL 203L - Introduction to Molecules, Cells, Development Laboratory
Credits: (1)
Corequisite(s): BIOL 203 and BIOL 203D
Domain (Anchored): NQR
Laboratory investigations in cell, molecular, and developmental biology. (Lab) One discussion hour, three laboratory hours.
(Lab) One discussion hour, three laboratory hours. There is a fee associated with the laboratory.
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BIOL 204 - Introduction to Organisms, Ecology, Evolution
Credits: (3)
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 203 or ENSP 101 Corequisite(s): BIOL 204L and BIOL 204D
College Curriculum: COLL 200
Domain (Anchored): NQR
Course is designed for potential biology majors. Lectures explore the diversity of organisms, their interactions with each other and the environment, and the evolutionary processes that produce diversity. Topics include Mendelian genetics, major taxonomic groups, ecology, and evolution. Presupposes strong background in high school biology.
Three class hours. Formerly: (formerly BIOL 220 lecture)
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BIOL 204L - Introduction to Organisms, Ecology, Evolution Laboratory
Credits: (1)
Corequisite(s): BIOL 204 and BIOL 204D
Domain (Anchored): NQR
Laboratory investigations in ecology, mendelian genetics, and animal behavior. (Lab) One discussion hour, three laboratory hours.
(Lab) One discussion hour, three laboratory hours. There is a fee associated with the laboratory.
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BIOL 298 - Freshman Honors Biology Laboratory I
Credits: (1)
Corequisite(s): BIOL 204 optional
The lab will focus on a genomics approach to bacterial pathogenicity and cell fate specification in the vertebrate nervous system. Students will master basic lab skills related to the projects, construct cDNA and genomics libraries, and conduct high throughput sequencing.
There is a fee associated with the laboratory.
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BIOL 299 - Freshman Honors Biology Laboratory II
Credits: (1)
Corequisite(s): BIOL 203 optional
The lab will focus on a genomics approach to bacterial pathogenicity and cell fate specification in the vertebrate nervous system. Students will conduct in depth bioinformatics analysis of the sequenced cDNA and genomic libraries.
There is a fee associated with this laboratory.
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BIOL 301 - Engineering Life: Scientific, Cultural, and Ethical Aspects of Synthetic Biology
Credits: (3)
Prerequisite(s): One year of science or math coursework at the introductory level: MATH 111 and 112 or CSCI 141 and 241 or BIOL 220 and 225 (now re-numbered as 203 and 204) or CHEM 103 and CHEM 207 or 209. Corequisite(s): Participation in W&M iGEM Team
College Curriculum: COLL 300
The course will entail participation in the iGEM (International Genetically Engineered Machine) team and competition over the summer and fall semesters. Students will design and build a novel genetic device and learn about the scientific, ethical, and cultural aspects of synthetic biology.
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BIOL 302 - Integrative Biology: Animals
Credits: (4)
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 204 , BIOL 203
The study of the evolution, classification, ecology, behavior, development and functional systems of the major animal phyla. Certain aspects of human biology will also be covered.
Three class hours, three laboratory hours. There is a fee associated with the laboratory.
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BIOL 303 - Introduction to Biological Research
Credits: (1)
Introduction to biological research in the lab or field conducted under the supervision of a faculty advisor. Biol 303 may be used as a gateway to independent research in Biology (e.g. BIOL 403). Hours to be arranged. By instructor permission only.
Graded: Pass/Fail. May be repeated once with the same or another faculty advisor.
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BIOL 304 - Integrative Biology: Plants
Credits: (4)
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 204 , BIOL 203
An examination of major groups of photosynthetic organisms, with emphasis on terrestrial plants and their interactions with other organisms. Their structure, reproduction, physiology and ecological importance are emphasized in an evolutionary context.
Three class hours, three laboratory hours. There is a fee associated with the laboratory.
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BIOL 305 - Integrative Biology: Plants (without lab)
Credits: (3)
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 204 and BIOL 203
An examination of major groups of photosynthetic organisms, with emphasis on terrestrial plants and their interactions with other organisms. Their structure, reproduction, physiology and ecological importance are emphasized in an evolutionary context. Three class hours.
Note: Integrative Biology: Plants must be taken with its associated laboratory to meet the “Integrative” requirement for biology majors.
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BIOL 306 - Microbiology
Credits: (4)
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 204 , BIOL 203 .
Introduction to the biology of prokaryotes and viruses. Classical topics such as growth, metabolism and genetics, ecology, and molecular biology are covered in the lecture section. The laboratory introduces techniques routinely in microbiology such as sterile techniques, staining and microscopy, biochemical assays, microbial ecology, and genetics.
Three class hours, three laboratory hours. Formerly: (formerly BIOL 440) There is a fee associated with the laboratory.
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BIOL 310 - Molecular Cell Biology
Credits: (3)
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 204 , BIOL 203 .
Prereq/Corequisite(s): CHEM 206 .
An introduction to the principles by which eukaryotic cells function with an emphasis on the molecular biology of cells and experimental approaches to their analysis.
Three class hours.
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BIOL 311 - Ecology
Credits: (3)
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 203 and BIOL 204
Ecology is the study of interrelationships between species and their environments, from an organismal to community scale. Lecture topics will include physical habitat parameters, organismal adaptations to physical conditions, population growth models, life history theory, biodiversity, species interactions, and ecosystem science in a changing biosphere.
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BIOL 312 - Evolution of Organisms
Credits: (3)
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 204 , BIOL 203 .
An introduction to the mechanisms and outcomes of evolution. Examples are drawn from many disciplines (e.g. genetics, behavior, and paleontology) to discuss how researchers study the evolution of organisms and develop and test evolutionary theory using integrative approaches.
Three class hours. Formerly: (formerly BIOL 448)
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BIOL 312F - Evolution of Organisms
Credits: (4)
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 204 or BIOL 203
College Curriculum: COLL 300
This field work section of BIOL 312 includes a study away enhancement to the Evolution of Organisms course with College 300 attribute. Students enrolled in this course will attend class with BIOL312 students but then also participate in a structured study away program in June, based in London, U.K. Students will visit the home of Charles Darwin, interact with numerous British scientists, and work in the extensive collections of the British Natural History Museum and Kew Gardens. There will also be several cultural trips in and around London. While in London, students will apply some of the concepts taught in the lecture course and also write a paper that analyzes the cultural differences between the US and UK in terms of how evolutionary science is communicated to the public. Will satisfy College 300. Instructor permission only.
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BIOL 314 - Biochemistry
Credits: (3)
Prerequisite(s): CHEM 207 or CHEM 209 , and CHEM 205 or CHEM 208 .
Prereq/Corequisite(s): CHEM 205 or CHEM 208
The molecular basis of living processes; the chemistry of important constituents of living matter, biosynthesis, metabolism, bioenergetics, enzyme kinetics, metabolic control, transport mechanisms.
Cross-listed with: CHEM 314
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BIOL 317 - Paleontology
Credits: (3)
Prerequisite(s): GEOL 160 or GEOL 250 or BIOL 204
The taxonomy of fossil organisms and the role of fossils in the study of organic evolution and the time relations of rock sequences. The laboratory stresses invertebrate morphology and quantitative measurement of local marine fossils. Field trips. Does not fulfill upper-division lab requirement.
Two class hours, two laboratory hours. Cross-listed with: GEOL 325
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BIOL 318 - Conservation Biology
Credits: (3)
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 204 and BIOL 204L or consent of the instructor.
An introduction to the fundamentals of conservation biology and an examination of current conservation issues. Topics include threats to biodiversity, endangered species management, and the interplay of politics, economics, or societal values in conservation decisionmaking.
Three class hours.
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BIOL 325 - Introduction to Quantitative Biology
Credits: (3)
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 204 , BIOL 203 , MATH 111 or MATH 131 Corequisite(s): BIOL 325L
Introduction to the mathematical tools used in quantitative analysis and modeling of biological systems. The goal is to develop quantitative reasoning skills through the use of mathematical modeling, data analysis, and computer simulation. Biological topics include population ecology, microbiology, epidemiology, evolutionary genetics, systems biology, and gene regulation.
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BIOL 327 - Introduction to Biostatistics
Credits: (3-4)
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 203 and BIOL 204 and MATH 111 (or MATH 131).
An introduction to statistics and research design, including statistical inference, hypothesis testing, descriptive statistics and commonly used statistical tests. Emphasis is placed on the application of quantitative techniques in the biological sciences and solution methods via use of the computer. Includes a separate lab (BIOL 327L) when offered as a 4 credit course.
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BIOL 330 - Introduction to Marine Science
Credits: (3)
Prerequisite(s): Select at least one course from the following list: BIOL 203 or BIOL 204 or CHEM 103 or CHEM 205 or GEOL 101 or GEOL 110 or GEOL 150 or PHYS 101 or PHYS 101H or PHYS 107
College Curriculum: COLL 200
Domain (Anchored): NQR
Domain (Reaching Out): CSI
This COLL 200 course provides an overview of physical, chemical, geological and biological processes operating in the world ocean. The interdisciplinary nature of marine science is emphasized, providing an integrated view of factors that control ocean history, circulation, chemistry, and biological productivity. Mechanisms of global change and implications for human society are interwoven throughout the course.
Three class hours. Cross-listed with: ENSP 249 and GEOL 330 and MSCI 330
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BIOL 340 - Marine Biology
Credits: (3)
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 204
Introduction to marine biology with emphasis on the organisms, their adaptations to the marine environment, and the ecological processes regulating life in the oceans. Lectures will explore life styles of marine organisms and their adaptations to thrive in the disparate habitats of our oceans. Strongly recommended for students interested in marine biology or those interested in the marine science minor. Three class hours, one field trip.
Cross-listed with: MSCI 340
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BIOL 345 - Neurobiology
Credits: (3)
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 203 .
An introduction to the fundamental concepts of neurobiology; this course will cover basic neuroanatomy and electrophysiology, but will emphasize the molecular basis of neuronal development and signaling, including sensory systems, motor systems, learning and memory, behavior and disease of the nervous system.
Three class hours.
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BIOL 351 - Cellular Biophysics and Modeling
Credits: (3)
Prerequisite(s): MATH 112 or MATH 132 , BIOL 203 , or consent of instructor.
An introduction to simulation and modeling of dynamic phenomena in cell biology and neuroscience. Topics covered will include the biophysics of excitable membranes, the gating of voltage- and ligand-gated ion channels, intracellular calcium signaling, and electrical bursting in neurons.
Cross-listed with: APSC 351
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BIOL 356 - Random Walks in Biology
Credits: (3)
Prerequisite(s): (MATH 111 or MATH 131 ) and BIOL 203
This course introduces random processes in biological systems. It focuses on how biological processes are inherently stochastic and driven by a combination of energetic and entropic factors. Topics include diffusion, cell motility, molecular motors, ion channels, and extinction in populations.
Cross-listed with: MATH 356
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BIOL 377 - Bioengineering and Synthetic Biology
Credits: (3)
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 203 and BIOL 204 , or permission of instructor.
An introduction to the principles of bioengineering with a focus on the fundamentals of synthetic biology. The course will cover current applications of synthetic biology to medicine, global health, biotechnology, energy, environment and sustainability, agriculture, bio-inspired design, and novel living materials.
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BIOL 401 - Evolutionary Genetics
Credits: (3)
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 204 . BIOL 203 BIOL 312
Evolution as an ongoing process, rather than as a history, is emphasized. Topics include theoretical and experimental population genetics, ecological genetics, interactions of evolutionary forces, genetic divergence, speciation, and molecular evolution.
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BIOL 403 - Research in Biology
Credits: (Credit to be arranged)
Prerequisite(s): Consent of instructor.
Independent laboratory or field research under the supervision of a faculty member. A written report is required. No more than three hours may be applied toward the minimum 37 required for a biology major. Hours to be arranged.
May be repeated for credit up to a maximum of 6 hours.
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BIOL 404 - Special Topics in Biology
Credits: (1-4)
Four credit courses have an associated laboratory. Credits count toward major.
If there is no duplication of topic, courses with this number may be repeated for credit.
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BIOL 405 - Research Seminar
Credits: (0)
This seminar is to be attended on a near weekly basis by Biology faculty and all students doing research in the Biology Department. Students in BIOL 201, BIOL 303, BIOL 403 and BIOL 495 are expected to enroll.
Graded: Pass/Fail
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BIOL 406 - Molecular Neuroscience Lab
Credits: (1)
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 310 or BIOL 345
An introduction to the use of molecular biology methods in neuroscience such as fluorescent protein expression vector design, basic cloning of plasmid DNA, its purification and expression in cells of the brain so that they can be imaged and analyzed.
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BIOL 407 - Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory
Credits: (1)
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 310 .
An introduction to the use of cell biology laboratory techniques including light and electron microscopy, mutant analysis and selected biochemical techniques.
Three laboratory hours. There is a fee associated with the laboratory.
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BIOL 408 - Virology Lab
Credits: (1)
Prereq/Corequisite(s): BIOL 409
The Virology lab course is designed to give students the opportunity to gain hands-on experience in common laboratory techniques in modern virology. Students will learn first-hand how to perform infectious assays, microscopy techniques, and molecular protocols to detect, enumerate, and characterize viruses in environmental samples. As part of this lab, students will attempt to isolate novel bacteriophages from environmental samples. Credits count toward major.
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BIOL 409 - Virology
Credits: (3)
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 204 , BIOL 204L , BIOL 203 , BIOL 203L , and (BIOL 310 or BIOL 442 )
This course gives an overview of fundamental concepts In virology. Topics include the discovery of viruses, principles of viral structure, viral morphogenesis, viral detection methods, viral vaccines, and ecological significance of viruses. A strong emphasis is placed on molecular mechanisms of viral replication.
Three class hours.
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BIOL 410 - Animal Behavior
Credits: (3)
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 204 .
The study of vertebrate and invertebrate behaviors as adapted traits under the influence of both genes and the environment. Animal behavior, including that of humans and endangered species, will be placed in an ecological and evolutionary context.
Three class hours.
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BIOL 411 - Ecology Lab
Credits: (1)
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 203 and BIOL 204 Corequisite(s): BIOL 311
Ecology is the study of interrelationships between species and their environments, from an organismal to ecosystem scale. The Ecology Lab will complement Ecology Lecture topics by providing hands-on experience
with ecological research techniques in local habitats (forest, lake, stream, and estuary). Natural history of local flora and fauna will be emphasized.
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BIOL 412 - Vascular Plant Systematics
Credits: (4)
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 304 .
A study of the principles and research methods of vascular plant systematics, emphasizing classification, evolution, and comparative morphology of the major families of vascular plants.
Three class hours, four laboratory hours. Formerly: (formerly BIOL 205) There is a fee associated with the laboratory.
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BIOL 413 - Plant Diversity and Identification
Credits: (1)
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 204 and instructor approval Corequisite(s): BIOL 413L
An introduction to vascular plant diversity at the species level with focus on plants of Virginia’s Coastal Plain. Students will acquire essential background in research techniques and resources, life-history variation, structural evolution, and conservation principles that underpin professional field botanical skills. One class hour.
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BIOL 413L - Plant Diversity and Identification Laboratory
Credits: (2)
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 204 and instructor permission Corequisite(s): BIOL 413
The laboratory course is designed to build skills in plant identification through an immersive hands-on experience with local plants to facilitate professional competence for the conservation biology workplace, enhance research skills, and foster personal enrichment. Digital exercises as well as regular field trips to the College Woods and campus plants will comprise the learning environment. Three lab hours.
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BIOL 415 - General Endocrinology
Credits: (3)
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 302 , BIOL 310 .
A survey of the neuroendocrine physiology of major systems including the hormones of the hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenal, pancreas, thyroid, GI tract, and reproductive systems. The molecular-cellular control of general metabolism and reproduction in both health and disease is considered.
Three class hours.
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BIOL 416 - Ornithology
Credits: (4)
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 204 .
Lectures, laboratory exercises, field experiments and birding trips will provide a comprehensive introduction to the ecology and evolution of birds. Phylogenetic relationships, behavior, conservation, and identification of Virginia’s avian fauna will be stressed.
Three class hours, three laboratory hours, several early morning field trips. There is a fee associated with the laboratory.
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BIOL 417 - Population and Community Ecology
Credits: (4)
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 204 and (BIOL 325 or BIOL 327 or any approved statistics course.)
Discussion of the structure and dynamics of ecological populations and biotic communities. Emphasis will be on environmental constraints and species interactions that control population growth and determine both diversity and similarities in community structure and function.
Three class hours, three laboratory hours. There is a fee associated with the laboratory.
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BIOL 418 - Functional Ecology
Credits: (3)
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 302
Concepts and approaches in physiological ecology, biomechanics and ecological morphology. The course emphasizes critical thinking, discussion, and student presentations on journal articles from the primary literature. Hypothesis formulation and methods of data collection and analysis will be studied.
Three class hours. This course fulfills the seminar requirement in biology.
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BIOL 419 - Plant Development and Physiology
Credits: (4)
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 304 or BIOL 305
An investigation of major topics in plant biology, encompassing plant development, reproduction, energetics and physiology, and the use of genetic, molecular, and biochemical approaches to elucidate major outstanding questions. The accompanying lab will introduce students to model plant systems and a range of genetic, molecular, and histological techniques.
There is a fee associated with the laboratory.
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BIOL 420 - Genetic Analysis
Credits: (3)
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 204 , BIOL 203 .
Discussion of classical and modern genetics. Topics will be drawn from the following: Mendelian inheritance, recombination and linkage, cytogenetics, model genetic systems, mutation analysis, mitochondrial, and chloroplast genetics.
Three class hours.
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BIOL 426 - Aquatic Ecology
Credits: (4)
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 204 or consent of instructor
Introduction to the ecology of aquatic systems; discussion of the important physical and chemical characteristics of aquatic environments and the adaptations of organisms living in water; community structure and the important processes affecting it, including major aspects of water pollution.
Three class hours, three laboratory hours. There is a fee associated with the laboratory.
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BIOL 427 - Wetland Ecosystems
Credits: (4)
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 204 or consent of instructor
An investigation of structure and function of wetland ecosystems, considering their formation and distribution at local, regional and continental scales. Interactions amongst biologic, geologic and hydrologic components in wetland development will be presented in lecture, lab and field exercises.
Three class hours, three laboratory hours. There is a fee associated with the laboratory.
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BIOL 428 - General Entomology
Credits: (4)
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 204 , BIOL 203 .
An introduction to the biology of insects designed to give the student an overview of entomology. Included are such topics as classification, morphology, physiology, behavior, ecology and economic importance.
Three class hours, four laboratory hours. There is a fee associated with the laboratory.
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BIOL 430 - Mechanisms of Bacterial Symbiosis
Credits: (3)
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 306 or consent of instructor.
Symbiotic relationships encompass a spectrum from parasitism to mutualism. This class will explore the molecular basis of bacterial diseases and the basis of bacterial host mutualistic relationships.
Three class hours. This course fulfills the seminar requirement in biology. Offered in alternate years.
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BIOL 432 - Principles of Animal Physiology
Credits: (4)
Prerequisite(s): (CHEM 206 and BIOL 302 ) or (CHEM 206 , BIOL 310 , BIOL 345 , and PSYC 313 )
The function of the animal as a whole as indicated by the physiology and interrelationships of different organs and organ systems. The emphasis is on vertebrates, with comparative examples from selected invertebrates.
Three class hours, three laboratory hours. There is a fee associated with the laboratory.
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BIOL 433 - Developmental Biology
Credits: (3)
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 203 and BIOL 204
An introduction to embryonic and post-embryonic development processes in animals and plants emphasizing both molecular and organismal mechanisms governing cellular differentiation, and the generation of form, shape, and function. Applications of developmental biology to human disease will also be covered including birth defects, stem cell biology, and regenerative medicine.
Three class hours.
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BIOL 437 - Immunology
Credits: (3)
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 204 , BIOL 203 and (BIOL 310 or BIOL 314 or BIOL 442 )
This course gives an overview of the cells and molecules that compose the immune system and the mechanisms by which they protect the body against foreign invaders, with emphasis on current experimental approaches and systems.
Three class hours.
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BIOL 438 - Immunology Laboratory
Credits: (1)
Prereq/Corequisite(s): BIOL 437 .
An introduction to current techniques available to study immune responses in mice. Includes tissue culture of lymphocytes, measuring antibody levels using ELISA techniques, and detection of proteins expressed during lymphocyte development using Western blot analyses.
Three laboratory hours. There is a fee associated with the laboratory.
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BIOL 442 - Molecular Genetics
Credits: (3)
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 204 , BIOL 203 .
This course gives a comprehensive introduction to molecular genetics emphasizing genome organization, DNA replication and repair, synthesis of RNA and proteins, regulation of prokaryotic and eukaryotic gene expression, epigenetics, RNA processing, molecular genetics of cancer, DNA biotechnology and human gene therapy.
Three class hours.
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BIOL 443 - Molecular Genetics Laboratory
Credits: (1)
Prereq/Corequisite(s): BIOL 442 .
Experiments illustrating current techniques in molecular genetics, including basic cloning, transformation of bacteria with recombinant DNA, plasmid and genomic DNA purification, gel electrophoresis, restriction digests, DNA labeling, Southern transfer, PCR and green fluorescent protein expression in transfected mammalian cells.
Three laboratory hours. There is a fee associated with the laboratory.
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BIOL 444 - Mentored Biology Teaching
Credits: (1)
Prerequisite(s): Student must have achieved an A- or above in the class in which they will assist, or be otherwise approved to enroll. Approval is given by both the instructor and Chair of Department.
A mentored experience in biology teaching through selected readings and short discussion sessions. Teaching skills will be developed by assisting in approved biology classes.
May be repeated for credit with approval from both instructor and Chair of Department. Three laboratory hours.
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BIOL 445 - GIS for Biologists
Credits: (3)
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 204 , BIOL 203 , consent of instructor.
This hands-on course will integrate Geographical Information Systems into biological research. Emphasis will be on developing spatial metrics, comparing cell or land cover patterns across spatial or temporal scales, classifying satellite or medical imagery, and modeling species distributions.
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BIOL 451 - Genomics/Functional Genetics Lab
Credits: (1)
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 306 or BIOL 310 or BIOL 420 or BIOL 433 or BIOL 442
This lab class is designed to provide a foundation in the principles of genomics research and its practical applications. Students will gain a working understanding of bioinformatics tools used to analyze genes and genomes, and learn how model genetic organisms can be used to examine gene function. Credit counts toward Biology major. Fulfills upper level laboratory requirement.
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BIOL 453 - Protein Structure and Function
Credits: (3)
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 310 , BIOL 314 , or CHEM 314
The functionality of a protein is an integral part of its structure. This course provides a comprehensive analysis of how to use sequence data to understand a protein’s physical properties, and to predict its function and interaction. Three class hours. Students may not receive credit for more than one of the following: CHEM 415, CHEM 453 and BIOL 453.
Cross-listed with: CHEM 453
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BIOL 453L - Protein Structure and Function Laboratory
Credits: (2)
Prereq/Corequisite(s): BIOL 453 or CHEM 453
Modern biochemical techniques used by scientists to understand the functionality of proteins, including bacterial transformation, recombinant DNA purification, mammalian transfection, DNA/protein purification, immunoprecipitation, SDS-PAGE, coomassie and silver staining, western blot analysis, fast performance liquid chromatography, and 2-D gel analysis.
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BIOL 454 - Bioinformatics and Molecular Evolution
Credits: (3)
Prerequisite(s): MATH 112 or MATH 132 , BIOL 203 , or consent of instructor.
An introduction to computational molecular biology and molecular evolution including nucleotide and amino acid sequence comparison, DNA fragment assembly, phylogenetic tree construction and inference, RNA and protein secondary structure prediction and substitution models of sequence evolution.
Cross-listed with: APSC 454
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BIOL 455 - How Students Learn
Credits: (1)
Prerequisite(s): Two years of college science and/or mathematics and consent of Instructor.
A practical review of research on the structure and function of brain areas involved in learning (2/3 of the class) followed by practical methods to use this knowledge in teaching at the high school level (1/3 of the class). Not applicable to major or minor, with the exception that students pursuing a career in education may petition to count this toward a Biology major or minor.
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BIOL 456 - Vertebrate Biology
Credits: (3)
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 302
A study of the ecology, phylogeny, behavior, physiology and functional morphology of vertebrates, with special emphasis on fishes, amphibians and reptiles.
Three class hours.
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BIOL 456L - Vertebrate Biology Lab
Credits: (1)
Prereq/Corequisite(s): BIOL 456
An overview of vertebrate groups and select techniques and approaches used by researchers, with special emphasis on fishes, amphibians and reptiles. Students will be introduced to facilities available on campus for designing and 3D-printing models and will develop a research project. Three laboratory hours.
There is a fee associated with the laboratory.
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BIOL 457 - Marine Invertebrate Biology
Credits: (4)
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 302
Biology of the major invertebrate groups with an emphasis on marine and estuarine species. Strongly recommended for students interested in marine biology.
Three class hours, three laboratory hours. There is a fee associated with the laboratory.
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BIOL 458 - Conservation Biology Laboratory
Credits: (1)
Prereq/Corequisite(s): BIOL 318 .
This course has two goals. First, students will learn current field techniques to sample local flora and fauna and how to analyze survey and long-term monitoring data sets. Second, students will learn current quantitative approaches in conservation to model connectivity, population viability, and reserve design.
Three laboratory hours. There is a fee associated with the laboratory.
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BIOL 459 - Critiquing Biomedical Assumptions
Credits: (1)
Prerequisite(s): Any one of the following majors: Biology, Chemistry, Kinesiology, Mathematics Neuroscience, Physics.
A study of cases in which uncritical acceptance of flawed assumptions prevented advances in areas of biology, chemistry, mathematics, and physics broadly related to medicine. Includes reading of primary literure, student presentation, and discussion. Appropriate for juniors and seniors; likely to be of greatest relevance to majors in the natural, physical, or computational sciences interested in biomedical research or clinical practice. One class hour.
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BIOL 460 - Advanced Seminar in Biology
Credits: (3)
Prereq/Corequisite(s): Vary by topic. College Curriculum: COLL 400
Special topics of interest will be discussed within the context of small, advanced seminar courses. Advanced seminars emphasize critical reading of the primary literature and discussions of experimental design. Students will be expected to give one or more oral presentations and complete one or more major writing assignments. Fulfills the major writing requirement in biology. Appropriate for juniors and seniors. With instructor permission, courses with this number may be repeated for credits when the topic varies, however only one counts towards the minimum 37 credits required for the major. Will satisty COLL 400, in most cases.
Note: See Current Listing and Description of seminar topics on the Biology website at www.wm.edu/biology Three class hours.
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BIOL 461 - Marine Ecology and Conservation
Credits: (3)
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 204 and BIOL 302
College Curriculum: COLL 400
This field course will provide students with a first-hand introduction to the ecology and conservation biology of intertidal and subtidal ecosystems in the San Juan Archipelago of Washington State. Students are required to present a field lesson and conduct original research. Course meets three times before and after field trip. Field trip is held over spring break (3-credit hours).
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BIOL 480 - Directed Readings in Biology
Credits: (1-3)
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 204 , BIOL 203 .
A directed readings course to investigate the biological basis of an advanced special topic in biology, with intensive reading of review of articles, texts, and primary literature on the topic.
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BIOL 495 - Honors
Credits: (3)
Prerequisite(s): Senior standing, an overall major grade point average of 3.0 and consent of departmental committee on honors and undergraduate research.
Independent laboratory or field research for biology majors under the supervision of a faculty member. Students are required to write an Honors thesis based on a review of the literature and their research. Six hours may be applied toward the minimum 37 required for the biology major.
Note: For College provisions governing the Admission to Honors, see catalog section titled Honors and Special Programs.
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BIOL 496 - Honors
Credits: (3)
Prerequisite(s): Senior standing, an overall major grade point average of 3.0 and consent of departmental committee on honors and undergraduate research.
College Curriculum: COLL 400
Independent laboratory or field research for biology majors under the supervision of a faculty member. Students are required to write an Honors thesis based on a review of the literature and their research. Six hours may be applied toward the minimum 37 required for the biology major.
Note: For College provisions governing the Admission to Honors, see catalog section titled Honors and Special Programs.
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CHEM 100 - Big Ideas in Chemistry
Credits: (4)
College Curriculum: COLL 100
An exploration of significant questions and integrative concepts in Chemistry, their grounding in the process of scientific discovery and application, and their broader relevance to society. Designed for first-year students. Although topics vary, the courses also seek to improve students’ communication skills beyond the written word.
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CHEM 103 - General Chemistry I
Credits: (3)
Domain (Anchored): NQR
For science majors and pre-health science students. A study of the nature of atoms and molecules, the periodic table, chemical bonding and reactions, thermochemistry, states of matter, solutions, and equilibrium.
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CHEM 103L - General Chemistry Laboratory I
Credits: (1)
Corequisite(s): CHEM 103 or CHEM 205 . For science majors only.
Laboratory techniques in chemistry.
Four laboratory hours. There is a fee associated with this laboratory.
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CHEM 150 - First Year Seminar
Credits: (4)
College Curriculum: COLL 150
An exploration of a specific topic in Chemistry. A grade of C- or better fulfills the COLL 150 requirement. Although topics vary, the courses emphasize academic writing skills, reading and analysis of texts, and discussion.
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CHEM 190 - Introductory Research
Credits: (1)
Prereq/Corequisite(s): CHEM 195
Introduction to chemical research with an assigned faculty mentor. May be taken only with the consent of the department. Credit obtained cannot be used towards an ACS approved degree or the 120 hour graduation credit minimum.
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CHEM 195 - Research Practices in Chemistry
Credits: (0)
Laboratory safety and environmental health in the practice of chemistry research. Includes instruction in the responsible and ethical conduct of research. Chemistry 195 is a pre-/co-requisite for all chemistry research courses, and thus must be taken concurrently with the student’s first research course.
Graded: (Pass/Fail)
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CHEM 201 - Color, Light, and Chemistry
Credits: (4)
College Curriculum: COLL 200
Domain (Anchored): NQR
Domain (Reaching Out): ALV, CSI
Intended for non-science majors, Color, Light, & Chemistry will use the theme of color and light to weave a narrative through basic concepts in chemistry. Students will develop their understanding not only of the foundations of chemistry (e.g., organic and inorganic structure, acid-base chemistry, light, spectroscopy) through the color and light theme, but also how scientific approaches can be used to create tangible products (e.g., dyed textiles, paint analysis). This course will place the chemistry of color and light in the broader context of art, philosophy, literature, culture, dye industry, artifact analysis, and world trade. Students will put course concepts into practice through hands-on experiments, demonstrations, and a project portfolio.
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CHEM 205 - Advanced General Chemistry
Credits: (3)
Prerequisite(s): CHEM 103 /Chemistry AP score of 4 or 5, or International Baccalaureate scores of 5, 6, or 7 in Chemistry or have instructor consent.
College Curriculum: COLL 200
Domain (Anchored): NQR
Domain (Reaching Out): CSI
A systematic study of the properties and reactions of chemical elements and their compounds, including acid/base chemistry, thermodynamics, electrochemistry, bonding, and an introduction to kinetics. This course will explore how the quest for natural resources and synthetic chemicals has shaped modern society. Enrollment is restricted to freshmen who receive William and Mary credit for Chemistry 103 with a score of 4 or 5 on the Advanced Placement Examination or International Baccalaureate scores of 5, 6, or 7 in Chemistry or have instructor consent.
Note: Students may not obtain credit for both CHEM 205 and CHEM 208.
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CHEM 206 - Organic Chemistry I
Credits: (3)
Prerequisite(s): CHEM 103 or CHEM 205 .
A mechanistic approach to the study of the chemistry of carbon compounds. Particular emphasis is placed on the relationship between structure and reactivity in organic reactions.
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CHEM 206L - Organic Chemistry Laboratory I
Credits: (1)
Prereq/Corequisite(s): CHEM 206 .
Laboratory techniques in organic chemistry.
Four laboratory hours. There is a fee associated with this laboratory.
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CHEM 207 - Organic Chemistry II for Life Sciences
Credits: (3)
Prerequisite(s): CHEM 206 .
A continuation of the development of the chemistry of organic functional groups started in Chemistry 206 . Particular emphasis is placed on the role of metals in living systems and the biosynthesis of organic molecules. Recommended for students expecting to major in the life sciences.
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CHEM 208 - General Chemistry II and Introduction to Inorganic Chemistry
Credits: (3)
Prerequisite(s): CHEM 103
A continuation of the study of the principles of chemistry begun in Chemistry 103. Topics include aqueous equilibria, thermodynamics, electrochemistry, advanced bonding theories, nuclear chemistry, chemical kinetics, and coordination chemistry.
Note: Students may not obtain credit for both CHEM 205 and CHEM 208.
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CHEM 209 - Organic Chemistry II
Credits: (3)
Prerequisite(s): CHEM 206 .
A continuation of the development of the chemistry of organic functional groups started in Chemistry 206 . Recommended for students expecting to major in chemistry.
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CHEM 217 - History of Modern Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Development
Credits: (3)
Prerequisite(s): CHEM 206
College Curriculum: COLL 200
Domain (Anchored): NQR
Domain (Reaching Out): CSI
This class constitutes a survey of the history of medicinal chemistry and drug development. The course will begin by briefly looking at ancient medicine of the antiquity and middle-ages before highlighting the modern-era discovery of groundbreaking drugs and medicinal practices and culminate with an outlook on both industrial and academic research structure. The processes governing modern day pharmaceutical drug development and the different phases of clinical research will also be discussed in this context. This course is recommended for pre-medical students or students pursuing careers in the health sector. (Course may be taught abroad.)
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CHEM 253 - Organic Chemistry Laboratory II
Credits: (1)
Prerequisite(s): CHEM 206L .
Prereq/Corequisite(s): CHEM 209 or CHEM 207 .
Laboratory techniques in organic chemistry.
Four laboratory hours. There is a fee associated with this laboratory.
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CHEM 254 - General Chemistry Laboratory II
Credits: (1)
Prerequisite(s): CHEM 103L .
Prereq/Corequisite(s): CHEM 205 or CHEM 208 .
Laboratory techniques in chemistry.
Four laboratory hours. There is a fee associated with this laboratory.
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CHEM 256 - Inorganic and Quantitative Laboratory Methods
Credits: (1)
Prerequisite(s): CHEM 103L
Prereq/Corequisite(s): CHEM 205 or CHEM 208 .
A second semester general laboratory course designed for chemistry majors. Emphasis on quantitative analysis, inorganic synthesis, and graphing and data analysis.
There is a fee associated with this laboratory.
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CHEM 290 - Sophomore Research
Credits: (1)
Prereq/Corequisite(s): CHEM 195
Introduction to chemical research with an assigned faculty member for sophomore students. May be taken only with the consent of the department. Credit obtained cannot be used towards an ACS approved degree and the 120 hour graduation credit minimum.
Repeatable for credit.
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CHEM 301 - Physical Chemistry: Quantum Mechanics & Spectroscopy
Credits: (3)
Prerequisite(s): CHEM 205 or CHEM 208 , and PHYS 101 /PHYS 101L , PHYS 102 /PHYS 102L and MATH 111 and MATH 112
An introduction to quantum mechanics and spectroscopy for physical chemistry; topics include quantization of energy, quantum mechanical models, atomic and molecular spectroscopy, and applications to chemistry.
Note: Note: MATH 212 or 213 is strongly recommended as an additional co-/pre-requisite.
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CHEM 302 - Physical Chemistry: Thermodynamics & Kinetics
Credits: (3)
Prerequisite(s): CHEM 205 or CHEM 208 , and PHYS 101 /PHYS 101L and PHYS 102 /PHYS 102L , and MATH 111 MATH 112
An introduction to thermodynamics and chemical kinetics for physical chemistry; topics include the states of matter, thermodynamics and its chemical applications, chemical kinetics, and introductory statistical mechanics.
Note: Note: MATH 212 or 213 is strongly recommended as an additional co-/pre-requisite.
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CHEM 302L - Physical Chemistry Laboratory
Credits: (1)
Prerequisite(s): CHEM 301
Prereq/Corequisite(s): CHEM 302
A series of experiments designed to accompany CHEM 301 - CHEM 302.
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CHEM 309 - Instrumental Analysis
Credits: (4)
Prerequisite(s): CHEM 205 or CHEM 208 , and CHEM 254 or CHEM 256 . Corequisite(s): CHEM 309L
Principles and applications of analytical methodology and instrumentation to chemical analysis; topics covered include electrochemistry, spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and chromatography.
Three class hours.
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CHEM 312 - Inorganic Chemistry
Credits: (3)
Prerequisite(s): CHEM 205 or CHEM 208 .
A survey of inorganic chemistry. Topics include: coordination chemistry, organometallics, solid state chemistry, band theory, and the applications of symmetry to structure, bonding and spectroscopy.
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CHEM 314 - Biochemistry
Credits: (3)
Prerequisite(s): CHEM 207 or CHEM 209 .
Prereq/Corequisite(s): CHEM 205 or CHEM 208 .
The molecular basis of living processes; the chemistry of important constituents of living matter, biosynthesis, metabolism, bioenergetics, enzyme kinetics, metabolic control, transport mechanisms. Section 01 primarily for life science majors; 02 for physical science majors.
Cross-listed with: BIOL 314
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CHEM 314C - Biochemistry at the Bar
Credits: (1)
Prereq/Corequisite(s): CHEM 314 .
With the recent sequencing of the human genome, increasing prevalence of various diseases and disorders including cancer, Alzheimer’s, etc., and advancing sophistication of numerous biotechnologies, new social and ethical responsibilities fall upon the scientist. This 1-credit supplement AND Biochemistry 314 course fulfills the COLL 200 requirement, and aims to “reach-out” beyond the science and put the responsibilities of the biochemist on trial. Through the integration science with the fields of philosophy, law, and government, this course aims to produce a “global scientist.” Drawing from multiple sources including film, current events, and guest lectures students will be afforded a holistic perspective on science in society and the implications of biochemical research. This class must be taken concurrently with CHEM 314: Biochemistry; however it will result in an independent grade.
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CHEM 341 - Physical and Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences
Credits: (3)
Prerequisite(s): CHEM 205 or CHEM 208 , and MATH 112 or MATH 132 .
Principles in physical chemistry developed for and applied to examples from the biological sciences. Topics include thermodynamics, kinetics, spectroscopy, and instrumentation relevant to biophysical and bioanalytical chemistry. Course may not be used for a major in chemistry.
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CHEM 360 - General Topics in Chemistry
Credits: (1-3)
General topics in Chemistry. Chemistry 360 courses will not count toward a concentration in Chemistry or any other concentration, unless specifically designated.
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